Switching

• It is a way to process and send data to our specific defined MAC address
• The data enters from one port and then leaves from another. Now let's get a bit fancy.
• The data entering is called ingress and data leaving is egress. No need to stress about these but good to know.

Switching is of three types:-

1. Message Switching
2. Circuit Switching 
3. Packet Switching

Message Switching

• In the message sent fully at once.

For example, you want to send a message HELLO to your friend so full word HELLO will go at once 

• This is also called the store and forward method as in this the nodes from which it will travel should have the storage capacity to store the message and then forward it.

Advantage

Reduces traffic congestion

Disadvantage

Real-time time messaging is not possible in this 

Every intermediate node here requires storage capacity.

Circuit Switching

• In this, type of switching first a connection is established and then the packets are transferred.
• Once the connection is done there is no delay in the transfer of data.

Advantages

• No delay in data flow
• There is a guaranteed connection between nodes

Disadvantages

• It takes a long time to establish ish connection
• More bandwidth is required
• Even if one channel is free it cannot transmit any other data 

Packet Switching

• In this, our message is divided into smaller packets for a more efficient transfer
• The file gets broken into many pieces and is assigned a header.
• Header contains 
• Original IP address
• Destination IP address
• The number of packets
• Sequence number
• Sometimes there may be a packet loss due to some disturbances and may affect the performance

It is like whenever we order something from online shopping we put our home address and a package gets delivered to our address. The header is also like that it has the address of the packet and it sends it to the location which here refers to different nodes

Advantages

• There are sufficient uses for nether work
• Data transmission is high
• No large memory required
• No fixed path needed 
• Good for video/voice calls
• Less usage cost

Disadvantages

• Packet loss can occur 
• Protocols are complex
• If security protocol is not used it is not secure

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