Connectionless Service

This is a type of delivery method by which the message is sent from the client to the server or vice versa. In this service, no session connection is required. The messages are sent without any specific arrangement. The data packets may also follow different paths to reach the same destination.

Some important points related to connectionless service are given below :-

1. Data is divided into chunks
   • When data is transported in the transport layer the source process i.e the application programme needs to divide the message into chunks of data of the size which is acceptable by the transport layer and then deliver it to the transport layer one by one.
2. Data bits are considered independent
   • When these chunks reach the transport layer it treats these chunks as a single unit without any relation between the chunks.
3. The packets are not in order
   • It may happen that the packet may arrive out of order i.e the information that was supposed to reach first is now reaching last and the information that was supposed to reach last reaches in between.
   • This unordered information will be delivered out of order to the server process as it is.
4. Management issues
   • No flow control, error control, or congestion control can be effectively implemented.
   • There is also no check whether the destination is present or not or if the receiver is even ready to receive the information.
5. Full address of destination
   • The datagram or the packets which are being sent contain full address of where the message is to be sent.

Below I have explained the working of the connectionless service. Here I have taken the example of a request where a client request some information from the server.

1. When package 0 is sent it directly reaches the server. 
2. But when packet 1 is sent there is some delay which can be due to various reasons.
3. But when packet 2 is sent it reaches normally i.e before packet 1
4. The order should have been 0, 1, 2 but now it is 0, 2, 1 and it will remain this way because there is no mechanism in the transport layer to correct it.

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